BRM-loading · layering pigment…
BRM-loading · layering pigment…
Open R&D · water · 5 open problems · substrate contribution paths
Open problems in water R&D where conventional methods leave billions without affordable safe water. From desalination thermodynamic limit to PFAS removal to ng/L to arsenic extraction at sub-cent-per-litre, each row names the gap + substrate path. Average time-to-impact for substrate contributions: 27 months.
cumulative annual R&D spend addressed · USD millions
v1.2026.05.16 · 5 problems · max spend $200M · block 946,772
Open-problem ledger · substrate-contribution pathways · Each row names a structurally unsolved R&D problem, the reason the conventional industry has not closed it, and the substrate contribution path the BRMSTE substrate offers. Substrate modes: physics-decomposer · sieve-inference · cross-civilizational-historical-anchor · agentic-routing · three-body-failure-audit. See /legal/liability.
| # | Open problem | Why unsolved | R&D ($M) | Substrate contribution | T-to-impact (mo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Desalination energy floor (<2 kWh/m cubed) desalination-energy-floor | current SWRO ~3-4 kWh/m cubed · thermodynamic limit ~1 kWh/m cubed | 200 | physics decomposer on membrane × pressure × recovery × pre-treatment tensor | 30 |
| 02 | PFAS removal to ng/L (forever-chemicals) micropollutant-removal-pfas | C-F bond strength + ubiquity · sorbent regeneration cost-prohibitive | 150 | agentic routing + sieve inference on sorbent × ozone × UV-AOP Pareto | 21 |
| 03 | Low-cost arsenic-from-groundwater (<$0.01/L) groundwater-arsenic-extraction | Bengal + WB delta affected millions · current methods >$0.10/L | 50 | cross-civilizational anchor (Bengali pottery filters + modern membranes) + agentic process routing | 18 |
| 04 | Atmospheric water harvesting in arid (<30% RH) at >10 L/day/m squared atmospheric-water-harvesting-arid | sorbent regeneration + condensation efficiency each marginal under low-RH | 80 | physics decomposer on sorbent × condensation × thermal-driver × insolation tensor | 30 |
| 05 | Urban wastewater full resource recovery (N + P + water + energy) wastewater-resource-recovery | current wastewater plants recover <10% of nutrient + energy potential | 200 | three-body audit (nutrient × energy × biological-process residue) + agentic process routing | 36 |
“5 open problems in Water · sanitation · hydrology. Cumulative annual R&D spend addressed: $680M. Each row names the substrate-contribution path. The substrate publishes what it can move; counterparties verify the path before applying.”
Wave OPEN-RD · water · v1.2026.05.16